Creating a Culture of Accountability: The Prosecution of Gender Crimes in the ICTY

This study investigates if the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) successfully creates a culture of accountability through its prosecution of gender crime. It first frames the concepts of sexual violence in war as well as accountability theoretically, and describes the historical context of the war in the former Yugoslavia. The ideas of ethnic identity, gender roles, and rape as a war crime are placed against a historical and cultural background. Next, it uses twelve Statements of Guilt issued by the ICTY as a means to discuss the definition and creation of a culture of accountability within the courts. The areas of self-identification, confession of criminality, expression of remorse, recognition of victims, and establishment of fact are defined as necessary to creating accountability and analyzed within these statements. The recurring theme of loss of control is then discussed as a possible contradiction to a culture of accountability. Four interviews with people involved with the ICTY are then used to clarify and question themes which appear in the Statements of Guilt. They discuss the issues of cross-disciplinary communication surrounding the ICTY, the flexibility of accountability, the importance of prosecution, and the benefits and challenges of the ICTY in the past and future. The conclusions of this paper revolve around the need for an open discussion of terms like accountability and gender crime in a cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary setting, and suggest further research into these areas as well

Mythologies: Three Tableaux for Flute, Harp, Strings and Percussion

Mythologies: Three Tableaux for Flute, Harp, Strings and Percussion is a c. 12-minute composition that deals with the nature of ambience in music. Compositional procedures used in each tableau attempt to highlight acoustic and atmospheric idiosyncrasies within the instrumental ensemble. The first tableau is based on two melodic and harmonic motives which are systematically expanded through repetition and variation. The second tableau features a call and response between flute and harp in a dreamy and lyrical interlude. The third tableau develops material through a process of shifting harmonic and rhythmic textures to create a mosaic of ambient colour. Each tableau is named after one of the three original muses in Greek mythology: Meletē (Practice), Aiodē (Song) and Mnēmē (Memory)

Combining Exploratory Learning With Structured Practice to Foster Conceptual and Procedural Fractions Knowledge

Robust domain knowledge consists of conceptual and procedural knowledge. The two types of knowledge develop together, but are fostered by different learning tasks. Exploratory tasks enable students to manipulate representations and discover the underlying concepts. Structured tasks let students practice problem-solving procedures step-by-step. Educational technology has mostly relied on providing only either task type, with a majority of learning environments focusing on structured tasks. We investigated in two quasi-experimental studies with 8-10 years old students from UK (N = 121) and 10-12 years old students from Germany (N = 151) whether a combination of both task types fosters robust knowledge more than structured tasks alone. Results confirmed this hypothesis and indicate that students learning with a combination of tasks gained more conceptual knowledge and equal procedural knowledge compared to students learning with structured tasks only. The results illustrate the efficacy of combining both task types for fostering robust fractions knowledge

Innovation governance in the forest sector : Reviewing concepts, trends and gaps

Innovation in the forest sector is a growing research interest and within this field, there is a growing attention for institutional, policy and societal dimensions and particular when it comes to the question of how to support innovativeness in the sector. This Special Issue therefore focuses on governance aspects, relating to and bridging business and political-institutional-societal levels. This includes social/societal factors, goals and implications that have recently been studied under the label of social innovation. Furthermore, the emergence of bioeconomy as a paradigm and policy goal has become a driver for a variety of innovation processes on company and institutional levels. Our article provides a tentative definition of & ldquo;innovation governance & rdquo; and attempts a stateof-art review of innovation governance research in the forest sector. For structuring the research field, we propose to distinguish between organizational/managerial, policy or innovation studies. For the forestry sector, specifically, we suggest to distinguish between studies focusing on (i) innovative governance of forest management and forest goods and services; on (ii) the governance of innovation processes as such, or (iii) on specific (transformational) approaches that may be derived from combined goals such as innovation governance for sustainability, regional development, or a bioeconomy. Studies in the forest sector are picking up new trends from innovation research that increasingly include the role of societal changes and various stakeholders such as civil society organizations and users. They also include public-private partnership models or participatory governance. We finally should not only look in how far research approaches from outside are applied in the sector but we believe that the sector could contribute much more to our general scientific knowledge on ways for a societal transformation to sustainability.Peer reviewe

Light-bulb moment?: towards adaptive presentation of feedback based on students' affective state

Affective states play a significant role in students’ learning behaviour. Positive affective states can enhance learning, whilst negative affective states can inhibit it. This paper describes a Wizard-of-Oz study which investigates whether the way feedback is presented should change according to the affective state of a student, in order to encourage affect change if that state is negative. We presented high-interruptive feedback in the form of pop-up windows in which messages were immediately viewable; or low-interruptive feedback, a glow- ing light bulb which students needed to click in order to access the messages. Our results show that when students are confused or frustrated high-interruptive feedback is more effective, but when students are enjoying their activity, there is no difference. Based on the results, we present guidelines for adaptively tailoring the presentation of feedback based on students’ affective states when interacting with learning environments

Da polarização à busca pelo equilíbrio: as relações entre internet e participação política

Estado e sociedade civil possuem uma relação, muitas vezes, tensionada e conflituosa, porém fundamental no contexto democrático ocidental. Estas por sua vez têm encontrados inúmeros desafios em função dos impactos da popularização do acesso à internet. Este artigo se situa nesta interconexão entre internet e democracia, e objetiva analisar como a literatura sobre participação política têm abordado essa relação apresentando as principais perspectivas teóricas. Assim, mostramos como as perspectivas iniciais eram mais estanques e polarizadas e os movimentos do campo para uma abordagem mais flexível e complexa, que leva em conta que as diversas características individuais, contextuais e da tecnologia em si que importam para pensar o impacto da rede nas atividades políticas off-line, mas, também no surgimento de um ativismo estritamente online. Portanto, a literatura tem considerado que a internet alcançou um papel central para o entendimento do ativismo político, principalmente de protesto, em que atua sobre a sua organização, em suas formas e modalidades, mas por outro lado apresenta empecilhos em relação às possibilidade de controle de dados, privacidade e vigilância

Informal caregiving and diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol : Results from the Whitehall II cohort study

The objective was to investigate the relationship between various aspects of informal caregiving and diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol, with special attention to the moderating effect of sex and work status. The study population was composed of 3727 men and women from the British Whitehall II study. Salivary cortisol was measured six times during a weekday. Aspects of caregiving included the relationship of caregiver to recipient, weekly hours of caregiving, and length of caregiving. Diurnal cortisol profiles were assessed using the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal cortisol slopes. Results showed that men, but not women, providing informal care had a blunted CAR compared with non-caregivers (P-Interaction = 0.03). Furthermore, we found a dose-response relationship showing that more weekly hours of informal care was associated with a more blunted CAR for men (P-trend = 0.03). Also, the blunted CAR for men was especially pronounced in short-term caregivers and those in paid work. In women, the steepest cortisol slope was seen among those in paid work who provided informal care (P-Interaction = 0.01). To conclude, we found different cortisol profiles in male and female informal caregivers. Male caregivers had a blunted CAR, which has previously been associated with chronic stress and burnout. Future research should investigate whether results are generalizable beyond UK citizens with a working history in the civil service.Peer reviewe